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-<div id="header">
-<h1>
-zmq_socket(3) Manual Page
-</h1>
-<h2>NAME</h2>
-<div class="sectionbody">
-<p>zmq_socket -
- create 0MQ socket
-</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div id="content">
-<h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2>
-<div class="sectionbody">
-<div class="paragraph"><p><strong>void *zmq_socket (void <em>*context</em>, int <em>type</em>);</strong></p></div>
-</div>
-<h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2>
-<div class="sectionbody">
-<div class="paragraph"><p>The <em>zmq_socket()</em> function shall create a ØMQ socket within the specified
-<em>context</em> and return an opaque handle to the newly created socket. The <em>type</em>
-argument specifies the socket type, which determines the semantics of
-communication over the socket.</p></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>The newly created socket is initially unbound, and not associated with any
-endpoints. In order to establish a message flow a socket must first be
-connected to at least one endpoint with <a href="zmq_connect.html">zmq_connect(3)</a>, or at least one
-endpoint must be created for accepting incoming connections with
-<a href="zmq_bind.html">zmq_bind(3)</a>.</p></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><div class="title">Key differences to conventional sockets</div><p>Generally speaking, conventional sockets present a <em>synchronous</em> interface to
-either connection-oriented reliable byte streams (SOCK_STREAM), or
-connection-less unreliable datagrams (SOCK_DGRAM). In comparison, ØMQ sockets
-present an abstraction of an asynchronous <em>message queue</em>, with the exact
-queueing semantics depending on the socket type in use. Where conventional
-sockets transfer streams of bytes or discrete datagrams, ØMQ sockets transfer
-discrete <em>messages</em>.</p></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>ØMQ sockets being <em>asynchronous</em> means that the timings of the physical
-connection setup and teardown, reconnect and effective delivery are transparent
-to the user and organized by ØMQ itself. Further, messages may be <em>queued</em> in
-the event that a peer is unavailable to receive them.</p></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>Conventional sockets allow only strict one-to-one (two peers), many-to-one
-(many clients, one server), or in some cases one-to-many (multicast)
-relationships. With the exception of <em>ZMQ_PAIR</em>, ØMQ sockets may be connected
-<strong>to multiple endpoints</strong> using <em>zmq_connect()</em>, while simultaneously accepting
-incoming connections <strong>from multiple endpoints</strong> bound to the socket using
-<em>zmq_bind()</em>, thus allowing many-to-many relationships.</p></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><div class="title">Socket types</div><p>The following sections present the socket types defined by ØMQ, grouped by the
-general <em>messaging pattern</em> which is built from related socket types.</p></div>
-<h3 id="_request_reply_pattern">Request-reply pattern</h3><div style="clear:left"></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>The request-reply pattern is used for sending requests from a <em>client</em> to one
-or more instances of a <em>service</em>, and receiving subsequent replies to each
-request sent.</p></div>
-<h4 id="_zmq_req">ZMQ_REQ</h4>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>A socket of type <em>ZMQ_REQ</em> is used by a <em>client</em> to send requests to and
-receive replies from a <em>service</em>. This socket type allows only an alternating
-sequence of <em>zmq_send(request)</em> and subsequent <em>zmq_recv(reply)</em> calls. Each
-request sent is load-balanced among all <em>services</em>, and each reply received is
-matched with the last issued request.</p></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>When a <em>ZMQ_REQ</em> socket enters an exceptional state due to having reached the
-high water mark for all <em>services</em>, or if there are no <em>services</em> at all, then
-any <a href="zmq_send.html">zmq_send(3)</a> operations on the socket shall block until the
-exceptional state ends or at least one <em>service</em> becomes available for sending;
-messages are not discarded.</p></div>
-<div class="hdlist"><div class="title">Summary of ZMQ_REQ characteristics</div><table>
-<tr>
-<td class="hdlist1">
-Compatible peer sockets
-<br />
-</td>
-<td class="hdlist2">
-<p style="margin-top: 0;">
-<em>ZMQ_REP</em>
-</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td class="hdlist1">
-Direction
-<br />
-</td>
-<td class="hdlist2">
-<p style="margin-top: 0;">
-Bidirectional
-</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td class="hdlist1">
-Send/receive pattern
-<br />
-</td>
-<td class="hdlist2">
-<p style="margin-top: 0;">
-Send, Receive, Send, Receive, …
-</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td class="hdlist1">
-Outgoing routing strategy
-<br />
-</td>
-<td class="hdlist2">
-<p style="margin-top: 0;">
-Load-balanced
-</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td class="hdlist1">
-Incoming routing strategy
-<br />
-</td>
-<td class="hdlist2">
-<p style="margin-top: 0;">
-Last peer
-</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td class="hdlist1">
-ZMQ_HWM option action
-<br />
-</td>
-<td class="hdlist2">
-<p style="margin-top: 0;">
-Block
-</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-</table></div>
-<h4 id="_zmq_rep">ZMQ_REP</h4>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>A socket of type <em>ZMQ_REP</em> is used by a <em>service</em> to receive requests from and
-send replies to a <em>client</em>. This socket type allows only an alternating
-sequence of <em>zmq_recv(request)</em> and subsequent <em>zmq_send(reply)</em> calls. Each
-request received is fair-queued from among all <em>clients</em>, and each reply sent
-is routed to the <em>client</em> that issued the last request.</p></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>When a <em>ZMQ_REP</em> socket enters an exceptional state due to having reached the
-high water mark for a <em>client</em>, then any replies sent to the <em>client</em> in
-question shall be dropped until the exceptional state ends.</p></div>
-<div class="hdlist"><div class="title">Summary of ZMQ_REP characteristics</div><table>
-<tr>
-<td class="hdlist1">
-Compatible peer sockets
-<br />
-</td>
-<td class="hdlist2">
-<p style="margin-top: 0;">
-<em>ZMQ_REQ</em>
-</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td class="hdlist1">
-Direction
-<br />
-</td>
-<td class="hdlist2">
-<p style="margin-top: 0;">
-Bidirectional
-</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td class="hdlist1">
-Send/receive pattern
-<br />
-</td>
-<td class="hdlist2">
-<p style="margin-top: 0;">
-Receive, Send, Receive, Send, …
-</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td class="hdlist1">
-Incoming routing strategy
-<br />
-</td>
-<td class="hdlist2">
-<p style="margin-top: 0;">
-Fair-queued
-</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td class="hdlist1">
-Outgoing routing stratagy
-<br />
-</td>
-<td class="hdlist2">
-<p style="margin-top: 0;">
-Last peer
-</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td class="hdlist1">
-ZMQ_HWM option action
-<br />
-</td>
-<td class="hdlist2">
-<p style="margin-top: 0;">
-Drop
-</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-</table></div>
-<h4 id="_zmq_xreq">ZMQ_XREQ</h4>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>A socket of type <em>ZMQ_XREQ</em> is an advanced pattern used for extending
-request/reply sockets. Each message sent is load-balanced among all connected
-peers, and each message received is fair-queued from all connected peers.</p></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>When a <em>ZMQ_XREQ</em> socket enters an exceptional state due to having reached the
-high water mark for all peers, or if there are no peers at all, then any
-<a href="zmq_send.html">zmq_send(3)</a> operations on the socket shall block until the exceptional
-state ends or at least one peer becomes available for sending; messages are not
-discarded.</p></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>When a <em>ZMQ_XREQ</em> socket is connected to a <em>ZMQ_REP</em> socket each message sent
-must consist of an empty message part, the <em>delimiter</em>, followed by one or more
-<em>body parts</em>.</p></div>
-<div class="hdlist"><div class="title">Summary of ZMQ_XREQ characteristics</div><table>
-<tr>
-<td class="hdlist1">
-Compatible peer sockets
-<br />
-</td>
-<td class="hdlist2">
-<p style="margin-top: 0;">
-<em>ZMQ_XREP</em>, <em>ZMQ_REP</em>
-</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td class="hdlist1">
-Direction
-<br />
-</td>
-<td class="hdlist2">
-<p style="margin-top: 0;">
-Bidirectional
-</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td class="hdlist1">
-Send/receive pattern
-<br />
-</td>
-<td class="hdlist2">
-<p style="margin-top: 0;">
-Unrestricted
-</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td class="hdlist1">
-Outgoing routing strategy
-<br />
-</td>
-<td class="hdlist2">
-<p style="margin-top: 0;">
-Load-balanced
-</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td class="hdlist1">
-Incoming routing strategy
-<br />
-</td>
-<td class="hdlist2">
-<p style="margin-top: 0;">
-Fair-queued
-</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td class="hdlist1">
-ZMQ_HWM option action
-<br />
-</td>
-<td class="hdlist2">
-<p style="margin-top: 0;">
-Block
-</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-</table></div>
-<h4 id="_zmq_xrep">ZMQ_XREP</h4>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>A socket of type <em>ZMQ_XREP</em> is an advanced pattern used for extending
-request/reply sockets. When receiving messages a <em>ZMQ_XREP</em> socket shall
-prepend a message part containing the <em>identity</em> of the originating peer to the
-message before passing it to the application. Messages received are fair-queued
-from among all connected peers. When sending messages a <em>ZMQ_XREP</em> socket shall
-remove the first part of the message and use it to determine the <em>identity</em> of
-the peer the message shall be routed to.</p></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>When a <em>ZMQ_XREP</em> socket enters an exceptional state due to having reached the
-high water mark for all peers, or if there are no peers at all, then any
-messages sent to the socket shall be dropped until the exceptional state ends.
-Likewise, any messages routed to a non-existent peer or a peer for which the
-individual high water mark has been reached shall also be dropped.</p></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>When a <em>ZMQ_REQ</em> socket is connected to a <em>ZMQ_XREP</em> socket, in addition to the
-<em>identity</em> of the originating peer each message received shall contain an empty
-<em>delimiter</em> message part. Hence, the entire structure of each received message
-as seen by the application becomes: one or more <em>identity</em> parts, <em>delimiter</em>
-part, one or more <em>body parts</em>. When sending replies to a <em>ZMQ_REQ</em> socket the
-application must include the <em>delimiter</em> part.</p></div>
-<div class="hdlist"><div class="title">Summary of ZMQ_XREP characteristics</div><table>
-<tr>
-<td class="hdlist1">
-Compatible peer sockets
-<br />
-</td>
-<td class="hdlist2">
-<p style="margin-top: 0;">
-<em>ZMQ_XREQ</em>, <em>ZMQ_REQ</em>
-</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td class="hdlist1">
-Direction
-<br />
-</td>
-<td class="hdlist2">
-<p style="margin-top: 0;">
-Bidirectional
-</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td class="hdlist1">
-Send/receive pattern
-<br />
-</td>
-<td class="hdlist2">
-<p style="margin-top: 0;">
-Unrestricted
-</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td class="hdlist1">
-Outgoing routing strategy
-<br />
-</td>
-<td class="hdlist2">
-<p style="margin-top: 0;">
-See text
-</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td class="hdlist1">
-Incoming routing strategy
-<br />
-</td>
-<td class="hdlist2">
-<p style="margin-top: 0;">
-Fair-queued
-</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td class="hdlist1">
-ZMQ_HWM option action
-<br />
-</td>
-<td class="hdlist2">
-<p style="margin-top: 0;">
-Drop
-</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-</table></div>
-<h3 id="_publish_subscribe_pattern">Publish-subscribe pattern</h3><div style="clear:left"></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>The publish-subscribe pattern is used for one-to-many distribution of data from
-a single <em>publisher</em> to multiple <em>subscribers</em> in a fanout fashion.</p></div>
-<h4 id="_zmq_pub">ZMQ_PUB</h4>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>A socket of type <em>ZMQ_PUB</em> is used by a <em>publisher</em> to distribute data.
-Messages sent are distributed in a fanout fashion to all connected peers.
-The <a href="zmq_recv.html">zmq_recv(3)</a> function is not implemented for this socket type.</p></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>When a <em>ZMQ_PUB</em> socket enters an exceptional state due to having reached the
-high water mark for a <em>subscriber</em>, then any messages that would be sent to the
-<em>subscriber</em> in question shall instead be dropped until the exceptional state
-ends.</p></div>
-<div class="hdlist"><div class="title">Summary of ZMQ_PUB characteristics</div><table>
-<tr>
-<td class="hdlist1">
-Compatible peer sockets
-<br />
-</td>
-<td class="hdlist2">
-<p style="margin-top: 0;">
-<em>ZMQ_SUB</em>
-</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td class="hdlist1">
-Direction
-<br />
-</td>
-<td class="hdlist2">
-<p style="margin-top: 0;">
-Unidirectional
-</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td class="hdlist1">
-Send/receive pattern
-<br />
-</td>
-<td class="hdlist2">
-<p style="margin-top: 0;">
-Send only
-</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td class="hdlist1">
-Incoming routing strategy
-<br />
-</td>
-<td class="hdlist2">
-<p style="margin-top: 0;">
-N/A
-</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td class="hdlist1">
-Outgoing routing strategy
-<br />
-</td>
-<td class="hdlist2">
-<p style="margin-top: 0;">
-Fanout
-</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td class="hdlist1">
-ZMQ_HWM option action
-<br />
-</td>
-<td class="hdlist2">
-<p style="margin-top: 0;">
-Drop
-</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-</table></div>
-<h4 id="_zmq_sub">ZMQ_SUB</h4>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>A socket of type <em>ZMQ_SUB</em> is used by a <em>subscriber</em> to subscribe to data
-distributed by a <em>publisher</em>. Initially a <em>ZMQ_SUB</em> socket is not subscribed to
-any messages, use the <em>ZMQ_SUBSCRIBE</em> option of <a href="zmq_setsockopt.html">zmq_setsockopt(3)</a> to
-specify which messages to subscribe to. The <em>zmq_send()</em> function is not
-implemented for this socket type.</p></div>
-<div class="hdlist"><div class="title">Summary of ZMQ_SUB characteristics</div><table>
-<tr>
-<td class="hdlist1">
-Compatible peer sockets
-<br />
-</td>
-<td class="hdlist2">
-<p style="margin-top: 0;">
-<em>ZMQ_PUB</em>
-</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td class="hdlist1">
-Direction
-<br />
-</td>
-<td class="hdlist2">
-<p style="margin-top: 0;">
-Unidirectional
-</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td class="hdlist1">
-Send/receive pattern
-<br />
-</td>
-<td class="hdlist2">
-<p style="margin-top: 0;">
-Receive only
-</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td class="hdlist1">
-Incoming routing strategy
-<br />
-</td>
-<td class="hdlist2">
-<p style="margin-top: 0;">
-Fair-queued
-</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td class="hdlist1">
-Outgoing routing strategy
-<br />
-</td>
-<td class="hdlist2">
-<p style="margin-top: 0;">
-N/A
-</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td class="hdlist1">
-ZMQ_HWM option action
-<br />
-</td>
-<td class="hdlist2">
-<p style="margin-top: 0;">
-N/A
-</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-</table></div>
-<h3 id="_pipeline_pattern">Pipeline pattern</h3><div style="clear:left"></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>The pipeline pattern is used for distributing data to <em>nodes</em> arranged in
-a pipeline. Data always flows down the pipeline, and each stage of the pipeline
-is connected to at least one <em>node</em>. When a pipeline stage is connected to
-multiple <em>nodes</em> data is load-balanced among all connected <em>nodes</em>.</p></div>
-<h4 id="_zmq_push">ZMQ_PUSH</h4>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>A socket of type <em>ZMQ_PUSH</em> is used by a pipeline <em>node</em> to send messages
-to downstream pipeline <em>nodes</em>. Messages are load-balanced to all connected
-downstream <em>nodes</em>. The <em>zmq_recv()</em> function is not implemented for this
-socket type.</p></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>When a <em>ZMQ_PUSH</em> socket enters an exceptional state due to having reached the
-high water mark for all downstream <em>nodes</em>, or if there are no downstream
-<em>nodes</em> at all, then any <a href="zmq_send.html">zmq_send(3)</a> operations on the socket shall
-block until the exceptional state ends or at least one downstream <em>node</em>
-becomes available for sending; messages are not discarded.</p></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>Deprecated alias: <em>ZMQ_DOWNSTREAM</em>.</p></div>
-<div class="hdlist"><div class="title">Summary of ZMQ_PUSH characteristics</div><table>
-<tr>
-<td class="hdlist1">
-Compatible peer sockets
-<br />
-</td>
-<td class="hdlist2">
-<p style="margin-top: 0;">
-<em>ZMQ_PULL</em>
-</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td class="hdlist1">
-Direction
-<br />
-</td>
-<td class="hdlist2">
-<p style="margin-top: 0;">
-Unidirectional
-</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td class="hdlist1">
-Send/receive pattern
-<br />
-</td>
-<td class="hdlist2">
-<p style="margin-top: 0;">
-Send only
-</p>
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